British author J.K. Rowling has once again ignited a firestorm of debate after posting a controversial message on social media labeling transgender Italian Paralympic sprinter Valentina Petrillo and Algerian boxer Imane Khelif as “cheaters” in women’s sports. Her comments, made in a series of posts to her millions of followers on X (formerly Twitter), have drawn sharp criticism from LGBTQ+ advocates and athletes around the world, while also gaining praise from some who support her ongoing defense of sex-based categories in sport.

Rowling’s post came in response to news coverage featuring Petrillo, a visually impaired athlete who transitioned and has since been competing in women’s Paralympic events, and Khelif, who was barred from competing in the women’s boxing final at the 2023 World Championships due to “medical reasons” reportedly related to elevated testosterone levels. Rowling directly accused both athletes of undermining the integrity of women’s competitions, stating, “Women’s sport is not a free-for-all for males who identify differently. This is not inclusion. It is cheating.”

The Harry Potter author’s statements were quickly met with outrage from activist groups and sports figures, many of whom accused her of promoting discrimination and misinformation. LGBTQ+ advocacy organizations condemned her comments as “dangerous” and “harmful to the trans community,” while others pointed out that both Petrillo and Khelif had complied with the regulations of their respective sporting bodies.

Petrillo, who has faced criticism and support alike since entering women’s races, responded with composure in an Italian interview, saying, “I run because I love sport, and I follow the rules. I do not want to take anything away from anyone. I want to compete fairly, and I do.” Meanwhile, Khelif has not directly addressed Rowling’s comments, though she previously expressed frustration over her last-minute disqualification in 2023, calling it “a painful moment in my career.”

Supporters of Rowling argue that she is standing up for the rights of biological women in sport and refusing to back down in the face of what they see as institutional pressure to accept policies that may disadvantage female athletes. Feminist organizations aligned with Rowling’s view praised her for speaking out, saying that the issue is not about identity but about fairness, safety, and biology.

This is not the first time Rowling has spoken out on matters related to sex and gender. Since 2020, she has become one of the most high-profile public figures advocating for a clear distinction between biological sex and gender identity, particularly when it comes to policies affecting women and girls. Her position has made her a polarizing figure, with intense backlash from some fans of her work, yet continued admiration from those who share her concerns.

As global sports federations face increasing scrutiny and pressure to revise eligibility rules for transgender athletes, Rowling’s latest remarks have added fuel to an already heated debate. With international competitions on the horizon and growing calls for clarity in policy-making, the clash between inclusion and fairness in sports shows no signs of easing — and Rowling remains firmly at the center of it.