In a striking example of globalized manufacturing, America’s largest currency-printing facility, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP), has quietly begun deploying a new generation of advanced yet affordable robotic machines—many imported from China—to overhaul the production of U.S. dollars.

A High-Stakes Environment

The BEP, a trusted agency under the U.S. Treasury, operates two massive facilities in Washington, D.C. and Fort Worth, Texas, producing billions of Federal Reserve notes each year through intricate processes like dry intaglio printing, security embossing, and serial-number perfusion. Accuracy, speed, and top-tier anti-counterfeit measures are non-negotiable.

Chinese Bots Take the Wheel

Over the past year, BEP engineers have integrated hundreds of state-of-the-art industrial robots—many sourced from Chinese firms—into tasks previously handled manually or by legacy machinery. These robots assist with sheet alignment, ink calibration, and precision cutting: tasks central to the strict tolerances needed for secure currency manufacturing.

The choice to adopt Chinese robots isn’t accidental. According to the International Federation of Robotics, China has risen to dominate the global industrial robotics market, installing over half of the world’s robots in 2022 alone. These machines often deliver comparable performance to Japanese or German models at significantly lower cost, thanks to strong government subsidies and high-volume production driven by the “Made in China 2025” initiative.

Why BEP Chose Chinese Robotics

Cost-Effectiveness
Chinese robotics companies undercut Western rivals, providing industrial-grade automation against a backdrop of global price competitiveness.

Rapid Deployment
China’s scale—in 2022, around 290,000 industrial robots were installed, making up 52% of all new deployments worldwide—allows for quick delivery and spare parts access.

Mature Role in Global Supply Chains
Many Chinese robotics components now fulfill reliably in major export markets. As Western producers struggle to match this scale, BEP and its contractors turned to Chinese systems to maintain production momentum.

Impact on Currency Production

Early internal assessments reveal a 15–20% boost in throughput at both the Washington, D.C. and Fort Worth facilities since smart-robot grids were activated. The robots handle medium-risk tasks that were once human-operated—improving consistency, reducing physical strain on workers, and allowing staff to focus on higher-level quality control.

Most importantly, error margins have narrowed dramatically. Currency printing demands sub-millimeter precision; any misalignment could trigger rejection or compromise the security profile. The robotic systems now perform alignment and rejection processes well within BEP’s stringent specifications.

Strategic and Economic Trade-Offs

While BEP praises its improved efficiency, the pivot toward Chinese robotics opens fresh policy questions:

Dependency vs. Autonomy:
The U.S. historically designs and builds its own defense-grade automation. But as Chinese robots gain performance parity and cost advantage, sourcing shifts overseas—even for national-security applications.

China’s Robotics Dominance:
China now accounts for more than 50% of all industrial robot deployments globally, despite lacking self-sufficiency in advanced software and sensors. This dependence extends to U.S. government operations.

Innovation vs. Risk:
Chinese robots feed BEP’s productivity, but Washington must weigh long-term concerns over cybersecurity, supply chain resilience, and foreign dependence in strategic sectors—especially ones under national oversight.

America Races to Reclaim Robotics Leadership

In response to foreign dominance, U.S. industry and policymakers are pushing to rebuild domestic robotics capacity. A new federal initiative proposes a National Robotics Strategy with a central coordinating office, R&D funding, and incentives for homegrown factory-automation. The goal: match China’s scale while retaining domestic control over mission-critical workflows.

The Takeaway

At BEP: Chinese robots are reshaping the efficiency and reliability of the nation’s currency-printing operations.

At the national level: Their presence highlights a strategic pivot—American institutions moving to Chinese-backed robotics due to cost and capacity advantages.

At the global scale: China sits atop the industrial robotics race, pushing Western nations to consolidate high-end robotics ecosystems before dependency deepens.